Proton - positive
Neutron - no charge
Electron- outer shell negative
Proton number determines the element
Isotopes - same proton, but different negron numbers
Radiation occurs when the atom expels neutrons
Molecules are two or more atoms together, sharing an electron. They tend to have a covalent bond.
In an ionic bond, one loses and electron and one gains an electron
In a non polar covalent bond, they equally share an electron.
Covalent bonds are weaker than ionic bonds.
Polar covalent: not equally shared. Oxygen is more negative and hydrogen is more positive.
Water
Water is less dense as a solid.
Absorbs large amounts of heat
Atoms can be hydrophobic (water fearing) or hydrophilic (water loving)
The coldest temperature achieve able is -273.15 C
pH scales measure the amount of H+ in the system.
Less than 7 is acidic
More than 7 is basic
Water broken becomes O-H- and H+
Buffer: a compound that keeps the pH stable
Salts: compounds that release ions other than H+ or OH-
Organic Chemistry is the study of any compound that contains carbon.
Methane - Carbon + 4H
OH- is hydroxyl
C=O is carbonyl
Ketone is when O= is in the middle
Aldehyde is when O= is at the end
